👉Let us see some of the questions asked in Nursing exams, in short form and in alternate form,
Q1. The initial symptom of Parkinson’s disease is- (पार्किंसन रोग का प्रारंभिक लक्षण है-)
A. Bradycardia
B. Rigidity
C. Cyanosis
D. Tremor
Q2. Thyroid hormone deficiency can be caused by (थायराइड हार्मोन की कमी से हो सकता है ) –
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Cretinism
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Grave’s disease
Q3. Which is the causative organism responsible for dental caries? {दंत छरण (dental caries) के लिए जिम्मेदार कारक जीव कौन सा है?}
A. Klebsiella
B. E. Coli
C. Lactobacilli
D. H. Pylori
Q4. Which hormone is responsible for the release of milk? (कौन सा हार्मोन दूध निकालने के लिए जिम्मेदार है?)
A. Thyroxine
B. oxytocin
C. Estrogen
D. Prolactin
Q5. Who was the first to use the word vitamin? (विटामिन शब्द का प्रयोग सबसे पहले किया था?)
A. funk
B. Mccullen
C. Huffkins
D. Holket
Q6. What is the dental formula for baby milk teeth? (बच्चों के दूधिया दांत का दंत सूत्र क्या है?)
A. 21 02
B. 21 23
C. 21 32
D. 20 12
Q7. What is the dosage of Measles/MR vaccine? (Measles/MR वैक्सीन की डोज कितनी होती है?)
A. 0.05ml
B. 0.5ml
C. 1ml
D. 2ml
Q8. What is the first dose of Vitamin A given? (विटामिन ए की पहली डोज कितनी दी जाती है?)
A. 3ml
B. 2ml
C. 0.5 ml
D. 1ml
Q.9. What is the dose of DPT vaccine given? (DPT वैक्सीन की डोज कितनी दी जाती है?)
A. 0.1 ml
B. 0.5 ml
C. 0.2 ml
D. 5ml
Q. 10. What is the lack of oxygen in the blood stream called? (रक्त प्रवाह में ऑक्सीजन की कमी क्या कहलाती है?)
A. Dysnoea
B. Asphyxia
C. Cyanosis
D. None
👉The answers to the above given optional questions are given below,
Ans. 1. D. Tremor / ट्रेमोर
Ans. 2. B. Cretinism/ क्रेटिनिज्म
Ans.3. C. Lactobacilli/ लेक्टोबैसिली
Ans. 4. B. oxytocin/ ऑक्सीटॉसिन
Ans. 5. A. funk /फंक
Ans. 6. A. 21 02
Ans.7. B. 0.5ml
Ans. 8. D. 1ml
Ans. 9. B. 0.5 ml
Ans.10. C. Cyanosis/सायनोसिस
👉Explanation of some points,
1.Cyanosis–
What is cyanosis?
Cyanosis is where your skin or lips turn blue. It can be a sign of a serious problem.
Where do you check for cyanosis?
Poor light exposure, the thickness of the skin, and pigmentation of the skin can affect the accuracy of physical assessment. Cheeks, nose, ears, and oral mucosa are the best areas to assess cyanosis as the skin in these areas is thin, and blood supply is good.
Is cyanosis an emergency?
Peripheral cyanosis is usually not a medical emergency. However, central cyanosis is more likely to be a sign of something more serious that requires immediate medical attention.
What are the signs of cyanosis?
The typical primary symptom of cyanosis is a bluish, grayish, or purplish cast to the skin and/or mucous membranes. A mild case may be difficult to detect even in light-skinned people, so you might not notice the signs until the oxygen content of your blood drops significantly.
What happens during cyanosis?
Blood that has lost its oxygen is dark bluish-red. People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called cyanosis. Depending on the cause, cyanosis may develop suddenly, along with shortness of breath and other symptoms.
What medications cause cyanosis?
Methaemoglobinaemia may be caused due to genetic abnormalities or due to drugs like antimalarial drug Primaquin or antibiotics sulphonamides. Sulfhaemoglobinaemia is caused due to antibiotics sulphonamides. Increased blood cells called polycythemia may also cause cyanosis.
2. Cretinism,
What is the means of cretinism?
A usually congenital condition marked by physical stunting and intellectual disability and caused by severe hypothyroidism.
What causes cretinism?
Congenital hypothyroidism, previously known as cretinism, is a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns. It causes impaired neurological function, stunted growth, and physical deformities.
What is cretinism and its types?
Cretinism may be of two types: Neurological or myxedematatos. The three characteristic features of neurological endemic cretinism in its fully developed form are extremely severe mental deficiency together with squint, deaf mutism, and motor spasticity. They usually have a goiter.
What does cretinism look like?
Symptoms may include goiter, poor length growth in infants, reduced adult stature, thickened skin, hair loss, enlarged tongue, a protruding abdomen; delayed bone maturation and puberty in children; and mental deterioration, neurological impairment, impeded ovulation, and infertility in adults.
Which hormone is responsible for cretinism?
A congenital condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone during prenatal development and characterized in childhood by dwarfed stature and mental retardation.
What is the difference between cretinism and dwarfism?
In several hormonal disorders and hereditary conditions dwarfism is associated with subnormal intelligence. Inadequate production of thyroid hormone during gestation and early infancy results in a condition known as cretinism, which is characterized by growth retardation and severe mental retardation.
Who is at risk of cretinism?
Common risk factors in the development of cretinism include post-date delivery, macrosomia, mothers with anemia or goiter, and smoking parents. Other risk factors include cesarian section delivery and jaundice at the birth.
3.Lactobacilli,
Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.
Where is Lactobacillus found?
Lactobacilli grow well in milk and foods made from milk. They’re responsible for the “souring” of milk. Many different strains can be found in milk foods. They can also be found in the intestinal tracts and vaginas of adults and in the intestinal tracts of babies fed with formula.
Are lactobacilli are harmful?
Lactobacilli are not harmful bacteria, infact they are found in gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. They are also an important part of dairy products such as milk, yoghurt etc.
What disease does Lactobacillus cause?
Lactobacillus organisms are rarely associated with pathology in immunocompetent people, but in the presence of risk factors and underlying conditions, they can cause infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, dental caries, and intra-abdominal abscesses including liver abscess, pancreatic .
4.Tremor,Involuntary shaking or movement, ranging from slight to severe and commonly affecting hands, legs, face, head or vocal cords.
What causes tremor?
Generally, tremor is caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movements. Most types of tremor have no known cause, although there are some forms that appear to be inherited and run in families.
What tremors mean?
Explanation: A tremor is a rhythmic shaking movement in one or more parts of your body. It is involuntary, meaning that you cannot control it. This shaking happens because of muscle contractions. A tremor is most often in your hands, but it could also affect your arms, head, vocal cords, trunk, and legs.
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