Complete of choice for induction of ovulation is
A. Clomiphene B. Ethinyl estradiol C. Danazol D. Levonorgestrel
Correct Answer: A. Clomiphene
Complete / Drug of choice for induction of ovulation is: Clomiphene citrate
(In many recent guidelines, Letrozole is preferred especially in PCOS women, but traditionally and widely the answer is Clomiphene citrate.)
Explanation
Induction of ovulation means stimulating ovaries to release an egg in women who do not ovulate regularly, commonly used in infertility treatment.
Clomiphene Citrate
Most commonly used drug for ovulation induction
• Mechanism: Blocks estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus → increases GnRH → increases FSH & LH → stimulates ovulation
• Given from: Day 2–5 of menstrual cycle for 5 days
• Success rate: 70–80% ovulation, 30–40% pregnancy
• Side effects: Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, risk of twins
Latest update
Condition Preferred drug
General anovulation Clomiphene citrate
PCOS women Letrozole is superior and recommended
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Gonadotropins (FSH + LH)
Hyperprolactinemia Bromocriptine/Cabergoline first
Short Answer
Clomiphene Citrate is the complete drug of choice for induction of ovulation.
Other Options Deatails
Here is the description of all the options:
A. Clomiphene
Clomiphene citrate is a fertility drug used to induce ovulation in women who are not ovulating regularly (such as in polycystic ovarian syndrome – PCOS).
Mechanism: It works by blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. This increases release of FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone), leading to growth and ovulation of ovarian follicles.
Use: Treatment of infertility due to anovulation.
B. Ethinyl Estradiol
Ethinyl estradiol is a synthetic estrogen used primarily in combined oral contraceptive pills (birth control pills).
Mechanism: It prevents ovulation by suppressing FSH and LH through negative feedback.
Uses:
• Birth control
• Treatment of menstrual irregularities
• Control of acne
• Hormone replacement therapy (in low doses
C. Danazol
Danazol is a synthetic androgen derivative.
Mechanism: It suppresses pituitary release of FSH and LH, resulting in reduced ovarian estrogen production.
Uses:
• Treatment of endometriosis
• Treatment of fibrocystic breast disease
• Management of hereditary angioedema
• Important side effects: Acne, weight gain, hirsutism, voice deepening due to androgenic effects.
D. Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel is a synthetic progestin.
Uses:
• Emergency contraception (“morning-after pill”)—prevents ovulation and fertilization
• Component of oral contraceptive pills
• Used in IUDs (intrauterine devices) like Mirena to prevent pregnancy
• Mechanism: Prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and thins endometrium.
Summary
Drug Type Major Use
Clomiphene Ovulation inducer Infertility treatment
Ethinyl estradiol Estrogen Oral contraceptive
Danazol Androgen derivative Endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease
Levonorgestrel Progestin Emergencies contraception, IUDs
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)