Definition of Congestive Heart Failure:- Heart failure or congestive heart failure is inability of the heart to pump adequate amount of blood to body due to any underlying cause. (OR)
” It is a physiological state in which heart is impossible to pump blood according to metabolic need. heart failure is not a disease but group of manifestations in which inadequate pump performance of heart that to pulmonary and systemic congestion.
Right ventricular failure or right side heart failure:-
Definition:- Right ventricular failure is inability of right ventricle to pump adequate blood in Pulmonary artery that supplies lungs.
Causes:-
- Pleural effusion.
- Pulmonary artery stenosis.
- Pulmonary embolism.
- Ventricular arrhythmia.
- Right ventricle valves disorder.
- Rheumatic heart disease.
- Kidney Disease.
- Ascites.
Symptoms:-
- Dyspnea.
- Pulmonary Crackles.
- Oedema in extremities.
- Fluid overload.
- Cardiomegaly.
- Distended juglar vein.
- Ascites.
- Oliguria.
- Anorexia.
- Weakness.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Excessive restlessness.
- Weight gain.
- Hypoxia.
- Tachycardia.
- Shortness of breath.
Left ventricular failure or left side heart failure:-
Definition:- Left ventricular failure or left side heart failure is a condition characterized by inability of left ventricular to pump adequate blood into aorta that results lack of peripheral circulation.
Causes:-
- Coronary artery disease.
- Cardiomyopathy.
- Blood pressure.
- Anemia.
- Atherosclerosis.
- Arteriosclerosis.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Heart infection.
- Myocarditis.
- Endocarditis.
Symptoms:-
- Hypertension.
- Dyspnea.
- Hypoxia.
- Cyanosis.
- Headache.
- S3 cardiac sound.
- Chest pain.
- Diaphoresis.
- Palpitation.
- Tachycardia.
- Tachypnea.
- Noctiuria.
Complications:-
- Pulmonary oedema.
- Severe electrolyte imbalance.
- Cerebral insufficiency.
- Thromboembolism.
- Liver damage.
- Kidney damage.
- Death.
Right and Left heart failure” Diagnosis of Heart Failure:-
- History collection.
- Physical examination.
- Blood investigations.
- ECG ( Electrocardiography).
- BNP assey.
- Cardiopulmonary exercise test.
- Chest X-ray
- Echocardiography.
- CT Scanning.
- MRI .
Management:-
Diuretics:- (|es preload), e. g, Furosemide, thiazide.
Positive intropic agent:- increase heart ability effectively.
Examples:-
Digoxin, Only effective in severe case of failure. Dopamine, Also improve renal blood flow. Vasodilators, Nitrates (previously described). ACE inhibitors, Angiotensim converter enzyme, Reduce after e, g. Captopril–15-25mg TDS Analapril.
Prevention:-
- Stay active. Check with your doctor before starting an exercise routine.
- Don’t use illegal drugs.
- Treat heart and other conditions.
- Don’t smoke and avoid exposure to second hand-smoke.
- Eat a heart healthy diet that is low in sodium and fat.
- Don’t drink alcohol or limit intake to no more than one drink two or three times a week.
- Lose of weight if you need to.
- Manage stress.
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By GS India Nursing……….!!