Fetus get nutrition/food supply through
A. Placenta
B. Amniotic fluid
C. Umbilical cord
D. None of the above
Correct answer: A. Placenta
Here is a clear explanation of all the options—commonly asked in obstetrics and nursing exams:
A. Placenta
The placenta is a temporary organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the mother and the fetus.
Functions:
- Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
- Produces important hormones such as hCG, estrogen, and progesterone
- Provides passive immunity by transferring maternal antibodies (IgG)
- Acts as a selective barrier (not absolute)
👉 It does not directly surround or cushion the fetus.
B. Amniotic Fluid
Amniotic fluid is the clear fluid surrounding the fetus inside the amniotic sac.
Functions:
- Cushions and protects the fetus from injury
- Maintains a constant fetal body temperature
- Allows free movement, aiding muscle and bone development
- Prevents adhesion of fetal parts to the amniotic membrane
👉 This is the correct structure responsible for cushioning and protection.
C. Umbilical Cord
The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta.
Structure:
- Two umbilical arteries
- One umbilical vein
- Surrounded by Wharton’s jelly
Function:
- Transports oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
- Carries carbon dioxide and waste products away
👉 It serves as a transport channel, not for protection or cushioning.
D. None of the Above
This option is chosen only if none of the listed structures perform the described function.
👉 Since amniotic fluid clearly performs the protective role, this option is incorrect.
✅ Summary
Structure Main Function Placenta Exchange & hormone production Amniotic fluid Cushioning & protection Umbilical cord Transport of blood None of the above Incorrect here
I hope that you liked this article.
Thanks!! 🙏 😊
Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group