Sexually Transmitted Disease
The older term venereal disease, are infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, which results in a risk of passing the infection on to others. Symptoms and signs of STIs may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. STDs are infections that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual. These are also termed sexually transmitted infections or STIs. STDs can be transmitted during vaginal or other types of sexual intercourse including oral and anal sex, but some are acquired simply by skin-to-skin contact. Some STIs can cause infertility. Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis. Viral STIs include genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, and genital warts. Parasitic STIs include trichomoniasis. Sexually transmitted infections, also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases. The term sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition passed from one person to another through sexual contact. A person can contract an STD by having unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the STD. An STD may also be called a sexually transmitted infection or venereal disease.
That doesn’t mean sex is the only way STDs are transmitted. Depending on the specific STD, infections may also be transmitted through sharing needles and breastfeeding.
Symptoms of STDs (In Men) –
– Unusual discharge or bleeding from the penis.
– Pain or discomfort during sex or urination.
– Sores, bumps, or rashes on or around the penis, testicles, anus, buttocks, thighs, or mouth.
-Fever,
Symptoms of STDs (In Women) –
– Itchiness in or around the vagina.
– Unusual discharge or bleeding from the vagina.
– Sores, bumps, or rashes on or around the vagina, anus, buttocks, thighs, or mouth.
– Pain or discomfort during sex .
-Fever.
– Odorous vaginal discharge.
Types of Sexual Transmitted Disease /STDs/STIs –
Syphilis,
Gonorrhoea,
HIV,
Chlamydia,
HPV,
Pubic lice,
Herpes,
Trichomoniasis,
Causes of STDs and STIs –
– Viruses, including HIV/AIDS, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus, and Zika.
– Bacteria, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
– Parasites
– HPV is the most common viral STI the United States. It is spread through vaginal or anal sex. It can be passed even when an infected person has no symptoms.
Strongest Antibiotic for STD–
Antiviral drugs. If you have herpes or HIV , you’ll be prescribed an antiviral drug. Azithromycin in a single oral 1-gm dose is now a recommended regimen for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis. Highly effective single-dose oral therapies are now available for most common curable STDs. Antibiotics, often in a single dose, can cure many sexually transmitted bacterial and parasitic infections, including gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis.
STI tests-
Depending on your sexual history, your doctor may order a variety of tests to check you for STIs, including-
Physical examination-
Doctor can conduct a physical exam to look for sores, bumps, and other signs of STIs. They can also take samples from any questionable areas to send to a laboratory for testing. Like herpes and genital warts, can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination and other tests.
Swabs– Doctors can use a cotton applicator to take vaginal and cervical swabs during a pelvic exam.
Blood and urine tests- STIs can be tested by using urine or blood samples.
Pap smears and HPV testing-
Pap smear is a test that looks for early signs of cervical or anal cancer.
HPV tests alone aren’t very useful for predicting cancer.
If you have an abnormal Pap smear, your doctor may recommend HPV testing. If the HPV test is negative, it’s unlikely that you’ll develop cervical or anal cancer in the near future.
**Sexually active men should be tested for syphilis, chlamydia, HIV and gonorrhea every 3-6 months.
**Pregnant women should be tested for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B, and high-risk pregnant women should be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
**Women 25 and over who have multiple sex partners or partners with an STD should get tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia yearly.
FAQ in all Nursing Examinations & others Examinations:
Q. What are Examples of sexual transmitted disease (STDs)/ STIs?
Ans. STDs can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites or fungi. Examples include HIV/AIDS, syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, Candidiasis or “yeast infection”, human papillomavirus infection (HPV), chlamydia and Trichomoniasis.
Q. Syphilis disease is caused by which bacterium?
Ans. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidium.
Q. What is the sexual yeast infection?
Ans. “yeast infection” or Candidiasis is caused by a small fungus. Healthy women normally have small numbers of them in the vagina. Sometimes the numbers grow and cause such problems as a heavy, curdy, white discharge, vaginal itching, burning, and pain when having sex.
Q. AIDS is spread by which virus?
Ans. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). By having unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex. By blood products (unclean needles or unscreened blood). By mother to baby by pregnancy, labour or nursing.
Q. What causes Chlamydia?
Ans. Chlamydia trachomatis, the bacteria that causes chlamydia, most often spreads through unprotected vaginal, anal sex or oral.
Q. what is pubic lice caused by?
Ans. The crab louse or pubic louse is an insect that is an obligate ectoparasite of humans, feeding exclusively on blood. The crab louse usually is found in the person’s pubic hair. Pubic lice often get lumped in with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). That’s because people get pubic lice most often during sex. But pubic lice are not an actual disease or infection.
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