The main cause of menopause is:
A. Lack of progesterone
B. Excess of progesterone
C. Excess of estrogen
D. Lack of estrogen
Correct Answer: D. Lack of estrogen
Explanation:-
The main cause of menopause is: 👉 Decline and depletion of ovarian follicles leading to reduced estrogen production.
• Menopause occurs because the ovaries gradually stop producing eggs.
• As the number of ovarian follicles decreases, the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone.
• The reduced estrogen level causes changes in the menstrual cycle and eventually permanent cessation of menstruation (menopause).
• The pituitary gland increases FSH and LH levels, but the ovaries no longer respond.
In short:
Main cause = Ovarian failure due to depletion of follicles → ↓ Estrogen → Menopause
Other Options Details:
Here is the explanation for each option:
A. Lack of progesterone
• Progesterone is the hormone responsible for preparing and maintaining the endometrium (lining of the uterus) after ovulation.
• Lack of progesterone leads to failure of the endometrium to mature properly, causing irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, or early miscarriage.
• It can lead to anovulatory cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms, and heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
B. Excess of progesterone
• High levels of progesterone occur normally during pregnancy.
• Excess progesterone can cause symptoms such as fatigue, bloating, breast tenderness, mood changes, and depression.
• It may also lead to constipation and increased body temperature.
• In non-pregnant women, it may contribute to irregular or absent menstruation.
C. Excess of estrogen
• Excess estrogen (also called estrogen dominance) occurs when estrogen levels are high compared to progesterone.
• Causes include obesity, ovarian tumors, hormone therapy, or certain medications.
• Symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, breast tenderness, weight gain, mood swings, endometrial hyperplasia, and increased risk of fibroids and endometrial cancer.
D. Lack of estrogen
• Estrogen is needed for development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintenance of reproductive tissues.
• Lack of estrogen occurs during menopause, ovarian failure, or after removal of ovaries.
• It causes hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, mood changes, and irregular or absent menstruation.
Summary Table
Option Condition Main Effects
A Lack of progesterone Irregular periods, infertility, heavy bleeding
B Excess progesterone Bloating, fatigue, mood changes
C Excess estrogen Heavy bleeding, fibroids, cancer risk
D Lack of estrogen Menopause symptoms, osteoporosis
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Thanks!! 🙏 😊
Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)