The phenomenon of Mittlelschmerz indicates:
A. Implantation
B. Menstruation
C. Ovulation
D. Fertilisation
Correct Answer: C. Ovulation
Explanation:
The phenomenon of Mittelschmerz indicates:
Mittelschmerz is a German term that literally means “middle pain.” It refers to one-sided, lower abdominal pain that occurs during ovulation, typically around the middle of the menstrual cycle (usually around day 14 in a 28-day cycle).
What it indicates
Mittelschmerz indicates ovulation — the release of a mature ovum (egg) from the Graafian follicle in one of the ovaries. It is a physiological pain experienced by some women and is considered a normal sign of fertility.
Features of Mittelschmerz
Sudden, sharp, or dull cramping pain on one side of the lower abdomen
Occurs mid-cycle
May last from a few minutes to 24–48 hours
Pain side may alternate each month depending on which ovary releases the egg
Sometimes accompanied by a small amount of spotting or clear cervical mucus discharge
Cause
Pain occurs due to:
Stretching or rupture of the Graafian follicle
Leakage of follicular fluid or blood that irritates the peritoneum
Clinical importance
Helps identify the fertile period
Useful for couples trying to conceive
Usually harmless and does not require treatment
Conclusion
Mittelschmerz indicates the time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle.
Other Options Details
Here is a clear and detailed description of all the options:
A. Implantation
Implantation is the process in which the fertilized ovum (now called the blastocyst) attaches itself to the lining of the uterus (endometrium). This usually occurs about 6–10 days after fertilization. The embryo burrows into the uterine wall where it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Successful implantation marks the beginning of pregnancy and leads to the release of hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that help maintain the uterine lining.
B. Menstruation
Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) through the vagina. It occurs when fertilization and implantation do not happen in that cycle. During menstruation, blood, mucus, and tissues from the uterus exit the body for about 3–7 days. It is a normal part of the female reproductive cycle and usually occurs every 28 days, though the cycle can vary between 21–35 days.
C. Ovulation
Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube. This usually happens around the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle. Ovulation is the most fertile period, meaning it is the best time for achieving pregnancy. The ovum remains viable for about 12–24 hours after release, during which fertilization by a sperm may occur.
D. Fertilisation
Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm with a mature ovum to form a zygote. It usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. Once the sperm penetrates the egg, their genetic material combines to create a new organism with a complete set of chromosomes. After fertilization, the zygote begins cell division and moves toward the uterus for implantation.