What is the placenta accreta?
A. It is the condition in which the placenta is anchored to myometrium
B. It is the condition in which the placenta is attached to upper uterine segment.
C. It is the condition in which the placenta is anchored to endometrium.
D. It is the condition in which the placenta is attached to lower uterine segment.
Correct Answer: A. It is the condition in which the placenta is anchored to myometrium
Explanation
Placenta accreta is an abnormal placental condition in which the placenta is abnormally adherent to the uterine wall because the placental villi attach directly to the myometrium (uterine muscle) without the normal decidua basalis in between.
Key points:
- Normally, the placenta attaches to the decidua and separates easily after delivery.
- In placenta accreta, this normal separation does not occur.
- It can lead to severe postpartum hemorrhage when the placenta is removed.
Types of abnormal placental adherence:
- Placenta accreta – villi attach to the myometrium (most common)
- Placenta increta – villi invade into the myometrium
- Placenta percreta – villi penetrate through the myometrium, possibly involving nearby organs (e.g., bladder)
Risk factors:
- Previous cesarean section
- Placenta previa
- Previous uterine surgery or curettage
- Multiparity
Clinical importance:
- Major cause of obstetric hemorrhage
- Often requires cesarean hysterectomy for management
👉 In one line:
Placenta accreta is a condition in which the placenta is abnormally attached to the uterine muscle due to absence of the decidual layer.
Other Options Details
These options describe different placental implantation conditions. Here is a clear explanation of each option and what it represents:
A. It is the condition in which the placenta is anchored to the myometrium
- This describes Placenta accreta.
- Normally, the placenta attaches to the endometrium (decidua basalis).
- In placenta accreta, the decidua is deficient, so the placental villi become directly attached to the myometrium.
- This causes difficulty in placental separation after delivery and may lead to severe postpartum hemorrhage.
B. It is the condition in which the placenta is attached to the upper uterine segment
- This describes normal placental implantation.
- In a normal pregnancy, the placenta usually implants in the fundus or upper part of the uterus.
- This position is safe and does not obstruct the cervical opening.
C. It is the condition in which the placenta is anchored to the endometrium
- This also represents normal placental attachment.
- The placenta normally attaches to the endometrium (decidua basalis).
- There is no abnormal invasion into the myometrium.
D. It is the condition in which the placenta is attached to the lower uterine segment
- This describes Placenta praevia.
- The placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment, partially or completely covering the cervical os.
- It can cause painless vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy and may require cesarean delivery.
Summary Table
Option Condition Description A Placenta accreta Placenta attached to myometrium B Normal implantation Placenta in upper uterine segment C Normal implantation Placenta attached to endometrium D Placenta praevia Placenta in lower uterine segment
✅ Correct abnormal condition for anchoring to myometrium: Option A (Placenta accreta)
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group