An Inflammatory state of the upper female genital tract and nearby structures is called:
A. Hepatitis
B. PID
C. Gonorrhea
D. Syphilis
Correct Answer: B. PID
An inflammatory state of the upper female genital tract and nearby structures is called Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
Explanation:
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) refers to infection and inflammation involving the upper reproductive organs, which include:
- Uterus
- Fallopian tubes
- Ovaries
- Surrounding pelvic tissues and peritoneum
- It usually occurs due to ascending infection from the lower genital tract, most commonly caused by:
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacteria
Key features of PID:
- Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
- Fever
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Painful menstruation or intercourse
- If untreated, it may lead to:
- Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Chronic pelvic pain
✅ Correct answer: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Other Options Details
Here is a clear description of all the options:
A. Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver.
It can be caused by viruses (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E), alcohol, drugs, or toxins.
Common symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes), fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, and loss of appetite.
Some types (especially Hepatitis B and C) can become chronic and lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
B. PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)
PID is an infection and inflammation of the upper female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding tissues.
It usually occurs due to ascending sexually transmitted infections, commonly gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever, abnormal vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, and irregular menstrual bleeding.
If untreated, it may cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
C. Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
It affects the genital tract, and may also infect the rectum, throat, or eyes.
Symptoms in women include vaginal discharge, burning during urination, pelvic pain; many cases may be asymptomatic.
Untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID and infertility.
D. Syphilis
Syphilis is a chronic sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum.
It progresses through four stages:
- Primary – painless ulcer (chancre)
- Secondary – skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement
- Latent – no symptoms
- Tertiary – damage to heart, brain, and nerves
If untreated, syphilis can cause severe systemic complications and can be transmitted from mother to fetus (congenital syphilis).
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group