Fern test is used to assess
A. Ovulation
B. Pregnancy
C. Cancer cervix
D. Menstruation
Correct Answer: A. Ovulation
Explanation
Fern Test is used to assess rupture of membranes (presence of amniotic fluid) in pregnant women.
Explanation
• The fern test involves examining fluid from the vagina under a microscope.
• If amniotic fluid is present, it dries in a fern-like crystalline pattern, confirming rupture of membranes.
Why it forms a fern pattern
• Amniotic fluid contains sodium chloride and proteins.
• When dried, these crystals form a fern-shaped pattern.
Clinical Use
• Detect Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
• Distinguish amniotic fluid from vaginal discharge or urine
Other related use
• Ferning of cervical mucus during ovulation also occurs due to high estrogen, but clinically Fern test mainly refers to amniotic fluid testing.
Answer:
Fern test is used to assess rupture of membranes (amniotic fluid leakage).
Other Options Deatails
Here is the explanation of all the given options:
A. Ovulation
Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle during which a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovary.
• It usually occurs around the 14th day of a 28-day cycle.
• Triggered by a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
• This is the most fertile period for pregnancy, because the egg is available for fertilization
B. Pregnancy
• Pregnancy is the condition in which a fertilized egg develops into an embryo and fetus inside the uterus.
• It occurs when a sperm fertilizes the ovum, and the fertilized egg implants in the uterine lining.
• It normally lasts about 9 months (40 weeks).
• Hormones such as hCG, progesterone, and estrogen support the growth of the fetus and maintain the pregnancy.
C. Cancer Cervix
• Cancer cervix (Cervical cancer) is a malignant tumor that forms in the cervical tissues of the female reproductive system.
• Most commonly caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.
• Symptoms may include bleeding after intercourse, irregular bleeding, foul-smelling discharge, or pelvic pain.
• Early detection is possible through Pap smear and HPV testing.
• Can be prevented with HPV vaccination.
D. Menstruation
Menstruation (period) is the monthly shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus when pregnancy does not occur.
• The menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the vagina.
• A normal cycle lasts about 28 days, but may range from 21–35 days.
• Controlled by hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)