Fertilization of ovum in female takes place in
A. Vagina.
B. Oviduct
C. Uterus
D. Cervix
Correct Answer: B. Oviduct
Answer: Fertilization of ovum in female takes place in – B. Oviduct
Explanation
Fertilization is the process in which a male gamete (sperm) fuses with a female gamete (ovum) to form a zygote. In human females, this process does not occur in the vagina or uterus. The most common and ideal location for fertilization is the Oviduct, specifically the Ampulla region of the fallopian tube, which provides a suitable environment for sperm survival and fusion with the ovum.
After ovulation, the ovary releases an ovum into the fallopian tube (oviduct). Millions of sperms are ejaculated into the vagina and travel through the cervix and uterus to reach the fallopian tube. Out of them, only a few hundred reach the oviduct, and usually one sperm fertilizes the ovum.
Description of All Options
A. Vagina
The vagina is a muscular canal that receives sperm during intercourse. It also acts as the birth canal during delivery and a passageway for menstrual flow. Although sperm is deposited here, fertilization does not occur in the vagina because its acidic environment is not suitable for the merging of gametes.
B. Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) — Correct Answer
The oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube, connects the ovaries to the uterus. The ampulla part is the most common site for fertilization. It provides nutrients, ideal pH, and movement through ciliary action to support fertilization and early development of the zygote.
C. Uterus
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ where the fertilized ovum implants and develops into a fetus. Fertilization itself does not occur here; only implantation and fetal development take place.
D. Cervix
The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus opening into the vagina. It produces cervical mucus that helps sperm travel but fertilization does not occur here.
Conclusion
Fertilization usually occurs in the Oviduct (Ampulla of fallopian tube), making Option B the correct answer.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)