The Placental abnormalities in which, the accessory lobe is developed from the activated villi on the chorionic laeve is:-
A. Placenta Succenturiata
B. Placenta Spuria
C. Placenta extrachorialis
D. Placenta marginata
Correct Answer: A. Placenta Succenturiata
Explanation
The placental abnormality described in the question is Succenturiate placenta.
Explanation
- Succenturiate placenta is a condition in which one or more accessory (extra) lobes of placental tissue develop separately from the main placental disc.
- These accessory lobes arise from activated chorionic villi on the chorion laeve (the smooth chorion).
- The accessory lobe is usually connected to the main placenta by fetal blood vessels running through the membranes.
Why this fits the question
- The key phrase “accessory lobe is developed” directly points to a succenturiate placenta.
- The mention of chorionic laeve is classic for this condition, as villi normally regress there but become active in this abnormality.
Clinical significance (important for exams)
- Risk of retained placental tissue after delivery
- Risk of postpartum hemorrhage
- Possible vasa praevia if connecting vessels lie near the cervical os
✅ Correct answer: Succenturiate placenta
Other Options Details
Here is a clear and exam-oriented explanation of each option related to placental abnormalities:
A. Placenta Succenturiata
- Definition: A condition in which one or more accessory (additional) placental lobes develop separately from the main placental disc.
- These accessory lobes arise from activated villi on the chorion laeve.
- The accessory lobe is connected to the main placenta by fetal blood vessels running through the membranes.
- Clinical importance:
- Risk of retained placental tissue
- Post-partum hemorrhage
- Vasa previa if vessels lie over the cervical os
B. Placenta Spuria
- Definition: A small accessory placental lobe that has no vascular connection with the main placenta.
- It is usually composed of placental tissue only, without fetal vessels.
- Considered a rudimentary or non-functional accessory lobe.
- Clinical importance:
- Usually asymptomatic
- May be mistaken for retained products after delivery
C. Placenta Extrachorialis
- Definition: A group of placental abnormalities where the chorionic plate is smaller than the basal plate, so the placental edge does not reach the margin of the membranes.
- Types include:
- Circumvallate placenta
- Placenta marginata
- Clinical importance:
- Associated with antepartum hemorrhage
- Preterm labor
- Placental abruption
D. Placenta Marginata
- Definition: A mild form of placenta extrachorialis.
- Characterized by a thin fibrous ring at the placental margin, where the chorion and amnion fold back.
- Unlike circumvallate placenta, the fold is flat and not elevated.
- Clinical importance:
- Usually benign
- Fewer complications compared to circumvallate placenta
Summary Table
Condition Key Feature Placenta succenturiata Accessory lobe with vascular connection Placenta spuria Accessory lobe without vascular connection Placenta extrachorialis Chorionic plate smaller than basal plate Placenta marginata Flat marginal ring (mild extrachorialis)
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group