In which condition, the umbilical cord is attached to the margins of placenta?
A. Battledore placenta
B. Circumvallate placenta
C. Placenta membranacea
D. Velamentous placenta
Correct Answer: A. Battledore placenta
Explanation
The umbilical cord is attached to the margin (edge) of the placenta in the condition called:
Battledore placenta (Marginal insertion of umbilical cord)
Explanation:
- In Battledore placenta, the umbilical cord inserts at or very close to the edge of the placenta, resembling a table tennis bat (battledore).
- This is different from the normal central insertion.
- It may be associated with:
- Reduced blood flow
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
- Preterm birth (in some cases)
Summary:
- Condition: Battledore placenta
- Feature: Umbilical cord attached at the margin of the placenta ✔️
Other Options Details
Here is a clear explanation of all the options, followed by the correct answer 👇
A. Battledore placenta
- In this condition, the umbilical cord is attached at the margin (edge) of the placenta.
- The placenta looks like a table-tennis bat (battledore).
- Blood vessels still enter directly into placental tissue.
- Usually has minimal clinical significance, but may be associated with reduced fetal growth in some cases.
B. Circumvallate placenta
- A type of extrachorial placenta.
- The chorionic plate is smaller than the basal plate, causing the placental edges to fold back.
- Appears as a raised, thickened ring at the margin.
- Associated with complications like:
- Antepartum hemorrhage
- Preterm labor
- Placental abruption
C. Placenta membranacea
- A rare abnormal placental condition.
- Placental tissue spreads over most or all of the fetal membranes, instead of forming a single disc.
- High risk of:
- Placenta previa
- Severe postpartum hemorrhage
D. Velamentous placenta
- The umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes instead of the placental disc.
- Umbilical vessels run unprotected (without Wharton’s jelly) before reaching the placenta.
- High risk of:
- Vasa previa
- Fetal hemorrhage
- Fetal distress
✅ Correct Answer
👉 A. Battledore placenta
Because Battledore placenta is the condition in which the umbilical cord is attached to the margin of the placenta.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group