The permanent cessation of menstruation is:
A. Amenorrhea
B. Menopause
C. Oligomenorrhea
D. Hypomenorrhea
Correct Answer: B. Menopause
Explanation:-
The permanent cessation of menstruation is called Answer: Menopause
Definition
Menopause is the permanent end of menstrual cycles, marked by the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months due to a natural decline in ovarian function and hormone production (estrogen and progesterone).
Key Points
• Usually occurs between 45–55 years of age.
• Leads to the end of a woman’s reproductive capability.
• Accompanied by symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness.
Here is the description of each option:
Other Options Details
A. Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation.
• Primary amenorrhea: Menstruation has never occurred by age 15–16.
• Secondary amenorrhea: Menstruation stops for 3 months or more in a woman who previously had regular cycles.
Causes may include pregnancy, hormonal imbalance, stress, excessive exercise, or certain medical conditions.
B. Menopause
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between ages 45–55.
It marks the end of a woman’s reproductive life because the ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone.
Symptoms may include hot flashes, mood changes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
C. Oligomenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea means infrequent or irregular menstrual periods.
Menstrual cycles are greater than 35 days apart (usually 35–90 days).
Causes may include polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, stress, or extreme weight changes.
D. Hypomenorrhea
Hypomenorrhea refers to very scanty menstrual bleeding, which lasts for a shorter duration than normal.
Example: bleeding lasts less than 2 days or is extremely light in amount.
It may occur due to hormonal imbalance, birth control pills, stress, or uterine scarring.
Summary Table
Term Meaning
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation
Menopause Permanent stop of menstruation
Oligomenorrhea Infrequent periods (>35 days interval)
Hypomenorrhea Scanty or very light menstrual flow
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)