Definition of intestinal obstruction:- ” An intestinal obstruction is partial or complete blockage of the lumen in the small or large intestine (bowel).
Types:-
Simple:- In simple mechanical obstruction, blockage is occurs without vascular compromise. Ingested fluid and food digestive secretions, and gas accumulated above the obstruction, the approximal bowel distends, and the distal segment collapses.
Strangulate:- Strangulating Or Strangulated bowel obstruction refers to ischemia and/or infarction of an obstructive loop and bowel. Is most commonly seen in the setting of closed loop obstruction.
Close looped:- An obstruction in which two points along the course of a bowel are Obstructed at the single location thus forming a closed loop. Patient present clinical sign of obstruction, abdominal pain, nausea & vomiting, abdominal distension, most often due tot adhesions, a twist of the mesentery or intestinal hernia.
Paralytic ileus:- Paralytic Ileus occurs when the muscles contractions that move food through your intestines are temporarily paralyzed. “It is a functional problem of the muscles and nerves that mimics an intestinal obstruction even when nothing is obstructing them.
Causes:-
- Strangulate hernia.
- Colitis.
- Carcinoma.
- Cholelithiasis.
- Ascariasis.
- Teniasis.
- Intestinal stenosis.
- Intussusception.
- Generalised infection.
- Spinal cord lesion.
- Mesenteric vessels thrombus and Embolism.
- Adhesion.
- Trauma.
- Peritonitis.
Symptoms:-
- Abdominal distension.
- Flatulence.
- Metabolic alkolosis.
- Dehydration.
- Abdominal tenderness.
- Abdominal pain.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Continuous vomiting.
- No stool passing.
- Weakness.
- Weight loss.
- Constipation.
- Faecal vomiting.
- Restlessness.
- Tachycardia.
Diagnosis:-
- Abdominal x-ray.
- Abdominal Ultrasonography.
- Laparoscopy.
- Blood examination.
- CT scan.
- MRI.
Complications:-
- Metabolic acidosis.
- Intestinal ischemia.
- Peritonitis.
- Intestinal necrosis.
- Death.
Treatment:-
Treatment includes avoiding spicy foods and solids foods. Using pain nausea medication and close monitoring. A tube can be inserted to help relieve pressure. Depending on the Severity of the obstruction. Surgery may be required.
Surgical Management:-
Sometimes, The surgery can be y using a laparoscope, which means smaller cuts are used. The surgeon lactose the area of your intestine ( bowel). That is blocked and unblocks. It any damaged parts of your bowel will be repaired or removed. This procedure is called intestinal (bowel), resection.
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