The forward bending of the uterus in relation to the vagina is called
A. Anteflexion
B. Plantar flexion
C. Anteversion
D. Dorsiflexion
Correct Answer : A. Anteflexion
Explanation: The forward bending of the uterus in relation to the vagina is called anteflexion .
Anteflexion refers to the normal forward angulation (bend) of the uterine body relative to the cervix (typically at about 90–125 degrees). This is the most common and physiological position of the uterus.
It is distinguished from:
• Anteversion : the forward tilting of the entire uterus (including cervix) relative to the vagina (also normal).
• Retroflexion: backward bending of the uterine body over the cervix.
• Retroversion: backward tilting of the entire uterus relative to the vagina.
So, specifically for the bend (flexion) between the uterine body and the cervix (in relation to the vagina being the reference axis), the correct term is anteflexion . This is the standard description in gynecology for the normal uterine position.
Other Options Details
Here’s a clear description of each option:
A. Vagina
• The vagina is a muscular, elastic tube (canal) that connects the external genitals (vulva) to the cervix.
• It is about 8–12 cm long in adults.
• Main functions:
• Passage for menstrual blood
• Receives the penis during sexual intercourse
• Birth canal during vaginal delivery
• It is self-cleaning, has an acidic pH, and is lined with mucous membranes that produce natural lubrication.
B. Uterus (womb)
• A pear-shaped, hollow, muscular organ located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum.
• Normally about 7–8 cm long and 4–5 cm wide in non-pregnant women.
• Divided into three main parts: fundus (top), body (middle), and cervix (lower narrow part).
Main functions:
• Houses and nourishes a developing fetus during pregnancy
• Contracts powerfully during labor and childbirth
• Sheds its inner lining (endometrium) monthly during menstruation if no pregnancy occurs.
C. Ovaries
• Two almond-shaped glands, one on each side of the uterus (about the size of a walnut).
• Primary functions:
• Produce and store eggs (oocytes)
• Produce female sex hormones: estrogen and progesterone (and small amounts of testosterone)
• Each month (during reproductive years), usually one ovary releases a mature egg in the process called ovulation.
D. Cervix
• The lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina.
• About 3–4 cm long, cylindrical or cone-shaped.
• Has a small opening (os) that allows menstrual blood out and sperm in.
Main functions:
• Produces cervical mucus that changes consistency throughout the menstrual cycle (helps or blocks sperm)
• Acts as a barrier between the vagina and uterus
• Dilates dramatically (up to 10 cm) during childbirth to allow the baby to pass through
• Site where Pap smears are taken to screen for cervical cancer.
Summary:
• Ovaries = egg and hormone factories
• Uterus = where pregnancy grows
• Cervix = the “gatekeeper” between uterus and vagina
• Vagina = the passage connecting the outside to the cervix
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)