Definition of Atherosclerosis:- The build-up of fats, cholesterol and other substance in and on the Artery walls. (OR). It is defined as accumulation of fat in wall of blood vessels (artery or veins),or hardening of blood vessels due to increase level of cholesterol in blood or serum.
Clinical manifestation:- based on affected area.
Brain, (cerebral atherosclerosis):-
Cerebral atherosclerosis is the result of thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries in the brain, symptoms of cerebral atherosclerosis include headache, facial pain, and impaired vision, cerebral atherosclerosis can cause serious health problems.
- Transient ischemia attack ( TIA).
Heat ( CAD):-
- Angina pectoris.
- Myocardial infraction (MI).
- Heart failure.
GI track (arotic aneurysm, mesenteric ischemia):-
- Abdominal pain.
- Weight loss.
- Lower back pain.
Kidneys (renal artery stenosis):-
- Renal insufficiency.
- Hypertension.
Extremities (lower extremities arterial occlusive disease:-
- Pain in muscles.
- Pain at rest.
- Tissue loss ( with or without infection or gangrene):-
Medical management:-
Management for atherosclerosis may include heart Healthy lifestyle change, medicines are medical procedure or surgery, the goals of treatment include, lowering the risk of blood clot forming preventing atherosclerosis related disease.
Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet therapy:- Streptokinase, Aspirin.
Lipid lowering agent:-
- Nicotine acid niacin, it decrease synthesis of LDL cholesterol triglyceride.
- Fabric acids.
- Fenofibrate ( reduce synthesis of cholesterol).
HMG – Co-enzyme reductase:-
- Lovastatin.
- Atorvastatin.
- Simvastatin.
Surgical Management:-
- Main surgery is PTCA, ( Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty).
- CABG ( Coronary artery bypass surgery).
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By GS India Nursing……….!!