Early pregnancy in human beings is maintained by:
A. Placenta
B. Corpus Luteum
C. Breast secretions
D. Graafian folliclesE
Correct answer: B. Corpus Luteum
Explanation:-Early pregnancy in human beings is maintained by Progesterone, which is secreted by the Corpus Luteum in the ovary.
After fertilization, the developing embryo releases hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), which maintains the corpus luteum so that it continues to produce progesterone.
Progesterone keeps the endometrium thick and vascular for implantation and prevents uterine contractions.
Key Points
Factor Role
Corpus Luteum Produces progesterone during early pregnancy
Progesterone Maintains endometrium and supports pregnancy
hCG Maintains corpus luteum and stimulates progesterone secretion
Thus, early pregnancy is mainly maintained by:
👉 Progesterone from the Corpus Luteum (stimulated by hCG)
If this is a MCQ, the correct choice is usually:
✔ Corpus Luteum / Progesterone / hCG – depending on options given
Other Options Details
Here is the description of all options:
A. Placenta
- The placenta is a temporary organ that forms during pregnancy.
- It connects the developing fetus to the mother’s uterine wall.
- Functions:
- Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
- Removes waste products from fetal blood.
- Produces important pregnancy hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone.
- Acts as an endocrine organ.
B. Corpus Luteum
- The corpus luteum is a temporary gland formed from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation.
- It secretes progesterone and some estrogen.
- Progesterone maintains the endometrium for implantation and early pregnancy.
- Maintains pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production (around 10–12 weeks of gestation).
C. Breast Secretions
- Refers to substances produced by the mammary glands.
- Includes colostrum and later breast milk.
- Colostrum is produced in late pregnancy and early postpartum period:
- Rich in antibodies and nutrients.
- Breast secretions are controlled by prolactin and oxytocin hormones.
- Important for infant immunity and nutrition.
D. Graafian Follicles
- These are mature ovarian follicles ready to release an ovum during ovulation.
- They contain a developing egg surrounded by follicular fluid.
- Secrete estrogen, which helps in growth of endometrium and secondary sexual characteristics.
- After releasing the ovum, they convert into corpus luteum.
Summary
Option Key Function Placenta Nourishes fetus & produces pregnancy hormones Corpus Luteum Produces progesterone to maintain early pregnancy Breast Secretions Nutrition and immunity for newborn Graafian Follicles Produce estrogen & release ovum
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)