Hot flashes, disturbed sleep and mood disturbances are seen during the period of:
A. gestational diabetes
B. menarche
C. menopause
D. ovulation
Correct answer: C. menopause
Explanation:-
Hot flashes, disturbed sleep, and mood disturbances are commonly seen during the period of Climacteric (Perimenopause).
Explanation
• Climacteric is the transitional period before menopause, during which ovarian function gradually declines.
• This period includes perimenopause, when symptoms such as:
• Hot flashes (vasomotor symptoms)
• Night sweats
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood swings or irritability
• Irregular menstrual cycles
are commonly experienced due to fluctuating estrogen levels.
Final Answer:
Climacteric / Perimenopause
Other Options Details:-
Here is the description of all the options:
A. Gestational Diabetes
• Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester.
• It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased demands of pregnancy.
• It usually disappears after delivery, but women who have had it are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
• If uncontrolled, it can lead to complications such as large baby (macrosomia), birth injuries, or neonatal hypoglycemia.
B. Menarche
• Menarche is the first menstrual period in a girl.
• It signifies the onset of puberty and reproductive capability.
• It typically occurs between 10 and 14 years of age, though it can vary.
• It indicates functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis.
C. Menopause
• Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive ability.
• It occurs naturally around 45–55 years of age (average ~50 years).
• It is caused by a decline in ovarian function and decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone.
• Symptoms may include hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness.
D. Ovulation
• Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary.
• It typically occurs around the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle.
• It is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
• It is the time when a woman is most fertile, and pregnancy is most likely if sperm is present.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)