The genitourinary clinical manifestations of estrogen deficiency is
A. Dilated cervix
B. Urinary tract infection
C. Hot flushes
D. Atrophic vaginitis
Correct Answer: D. Atrophic vaginitis
Explanation
Genitourinary clinical manifestations of estrogen deficiency include:
1. Vaginal dryness – due to decreased vaginal secretions.
2. Vaginal atrophy / atrophic vaginitis – thinning and fragility of the vaginal epithelium.
3. Dyspareunia – painful intercourse because of dryness and atrophic changes.
4. Pruritus and burning sensation – irritation and discomfort in the vaginal area.
5. Dysuria – pain or burning during urination.
6. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) – due to reduced protective flora and mucosal integrity.
7. Urinary frequency and urgency
8. Stress or urge urinary incontinence
9. Pelvic relaxation symptoms – such as pelvic organ prolapse (less commonly directly but related to tissue weakening).
These symptoms commonly occur during menopause, when estrogen levels decline significantly.
Other Options Details
Here is the description of all the options:
A. Dilated cervix
• Dilation of the cervix refers to the opening and widening of the cervical canal.
• It commonly occurs during labor, childbirth, or medical procedures such as dilation and curettage (D&C).
• It can also occur due to miscarriage or cervical incompetence.
B. Urinary tract infection
• A UTI is an infection of any part of the urinary system—kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra.
• Common symptoms include burning sensation during urination, frequent urge to urinate, lower abdominal pain, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
• It is more common in women than men due to a shorter urethra.
C. Hot flushes
• Hot flushes (hot flashes) are sudden feelings of warmth, usually in the upper body, face, and neck.
• They are a common symptom of menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
• Episodes may include sweating, rapid heartbeat, and flushing of the skin.
D. Atrophic vaginitis
• Atrophic vaginitis is inflammation and thinning of the vaginal walls due to reduced estrogen levels, typically after menopause.
• Symptoms include vaginal dryness, itching, burning, painful intercourse, and sometimes bleeding.
• It may also cause urinary symptoms like urgency and recurrent UTIs.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group)