Causative organisms responsible for Moniliasis:
A. Candida Albicans
B. Tinea cruris
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Gonococcus
Correct answer: A. Candida Albicans
Explanation:
Moniliasis is another name for candidiasis, a fungal infection primarily affecting mucous membranes, skin, or nails. The causative organisms are mainly yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida.
Main causative organisms:
- Candida albicans –
- Most common species causing moniliasis.
- Normally part of human microbiota (mouth, gut, vagina) but can cause infection when immunity is low or microbial balance is disturbed.
- Candida glabrata –
- Less common, often seen in older adults or immunocompromised patients.
- Candida tropicalis –
- Occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Candida parapsilosis –
- Associated with skin and nail infections; sometimes hospital-acquired.
- Candida krusei –
- Rare; often resistant to some antifungal drugs.
Summary:
- Primary agent: Candida albicans
- Other species: C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei
Other Options Details
Here’s a detailed description of each option:
A. Candida albicans
- Type: Fungus (yeast)
- Common Infections: Candidiasis (oral thrush, vaginal yeast infection, cutaneous candidiasis)
- Characteristics: Normally part of human microbiota; overgrowth occurs when immunity is weakened or after antibiotics.
- Symptoms: White, curdy discharge in vaginal infection; itching and redness in skin infections.
B. Tinea cruris
- Type: Fungal infection (dermatophyte)
- Common Name: “Jock itch”
- Location: Groin, inner thighs, buttocks
- Symptoms: Red, itchy, ring-shaped rash; scaling and sometimes burning sensation.
- Cause: Trichophyton species (fungi)
- Transmission: Direct skin-to-skin contact or via contaminated clothing.
C. Staphylococcus aureus
- Type: Bacterium (Gram-positive cocci)
- Common Infections: Skin infections (boils, abscesses), wound infections, sometimes systemic infections like sepsis.
- Characteristics: Can produce toxins; may be resistant to antibiotics (MRSA strains).
- Transmission: Skin contact, contaminated surfaces, or nasal carriage.
D. Gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
- Type: Bacterium (Gram-negative diplococcus)
- Common Infections: Gonorrhea (sexually transmitted infection)
- Symptoms: Urethral discharge, painful urination, pelvic inflammatory disease in females, sometimes asymptomatic.
- Transmission: Sexual contact.
- Complications: Infertility, disseminated gonococcal infection if untreated.
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Writer: Vandita Singh, Lucknow (GS India Nursing Group